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Introduction to Derivatives
Discover the foundational concepts of derivatives, their key uses for hedging and speculation, and essential insights into market structure, risk management, and Canadian regulatory dynamics.
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Key Differences Between Exchange-Traded and Over-the-Counter Products
Discover how standardized exchange-traded contracts differ from custom over-the-counter agreements in terms of structure, counterparty risk, pricing, and regulation.
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Exchange-Traded Options: Pricing, Hedging, and Speculating
An in-depth exploration of exchange-traded options, covering pricing models, hedging tools, and speculative techniques for traders seeking both foundational and advanced insights.
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OTC Options: Caps, Floors, Collars, and Exotic Options
Learn how customized OTC interest rate options like caps, floors, collars, and exotic structures, including barrier and digital options, are negotiated, priced, and risk-managed in Canada's CIRO regulatory environment.
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Swaps: Basic Features, Role of the Swap Dealer, and Types of Swaps
Explore the fundamental structure of swaps, discover what swap dealers do, and learn about the key types of swaps—interest rate, currency, credit default, and equity. We focus on how these contracts are set up, how credit risk is mitigated, and how Canadian regulations guide their reporting and execution, with practical tips and real-world examples.
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How Investment Funds and Structured Products Use Derivatives
Explore how Canadian investment funds and structured products incorporate derivatives to hedge risks, replicate indexes, and enhance returns, while complying with CIRO and CSA regulations.
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The Function of Exchanges and Clearinghouses
Explore how exchanges serve as centralized marketplaces for derivatives trading and how clearinghouses mitigate counterparty risk through margin requirements, daily settlement, and default management.
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OTC Forwards and Other Futures Contracts
Explore the intricacies of over-the-counter (OTC) forward contracts, comparing them with exchange-traded futures. Learn how both products are used for hedging and speculation by different market participants in Canadian and global settings.
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Determining Client Suitability
Learn how to assess client risk tolerance, investment objectives, and regulatory considerations for offering the right derivatives strategies.
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Strategies Based on Market Outlook and Risk Tolerance
Explore how to align derivatives strategies—like covered calls, protective puts, straddles, and spreads—with different market conditions and individual risk profiles, featuring real-world examples, diagrams, and best practices under CIRO guidelines.
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Entering Orders
A detailed exploration of how to set up, specify, and execute derivative orders, covering market, limit, stop, and more, with a special focus on Canadian markets and CIRO regulations.
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Executing Orders on Exchanges
Discover how derivatives orders are matched and executed through modern exchange infrastructures, covering order book mechanics, open outcry, high-frequency trading, and post-trade clearing processes in Canada’s evolving regulatory setting under CIRO.
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Payment for Options, Exercise Assignment, or Option Expiry
A detailed look at how option premiums are paid, how exercise and assignments occur, and what happens when options expire in the Canadian marketplace and beyond.
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Tax Implications of Listed Options Trading
Explore Canadian tax treatments for listed options trading, including capital gains vs. business income, superficial loss rules, and CRA compliance tips.
