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Chapter 4: Hedging with Futures Contracts

In this section

  • Hedging
    Learn how to reduce or offset price risks in various markets by taking offsetting positions in futures contracts. Explore the fundamentals of hedging, key considerations, real-world examples, and the Canadian regulatory environment.
  • Types of Hedges
    Explore short and long hedge strategies with futures contracts to protect against price volatility, featuring practical examples, rolling hedges, and references to Canadian regulations.
  • Imperfect Hedges
    Discover how imperfect hedges can still mitigate risks in futures-based hedging, understanding basis risk, timing mismatches, contract size challenges, and real-world scenarios. Learn best practices for Canadian markets under CIRO oversight.
  • Optimal Hedge Ratio
    Explore the concept of the optimal hedge ratio in futures hedging, including how to minimize risk by accounting for correlation, basis risk, and real-world market dynamics.
  • Hedging Canadian Commodities (Energy, Agriculture)
    Discover hedging strategies for Canada's energy and agricultural markets, exploring futures contracts, basis differentials, and real-world examples for risk management.
  • Cross-Hedging Strategies
    Explore how to hedge exposures when exact futures contracts do not exist, leveraging statistically correlated proxy instruments in agricultural, currency, or other financial markets.
  • CIRO Reporting Requirements for Hedging Exemptions
    Explore how CIRO oversees hedging practices in Canadian futures markets, including margin reliefs, position limit exemptions, and compliance with bona fide hedging reporting.
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